The exact cause of BPH is not fully understood, but it is often linked to age and changes in male hormones. As men age, the balance of sex hormones shifts, which may lead to prostate growth.

• Frequent urination, especially at night (nocturia).
• Difficulty starting urination.
• Weak urine stream or a stream that stops and starts.
• Inability to completely empty the bladder.
• Urinary urgency.

While there’s no guaranteed way to prevent BPH, certain lifestyle habits may reduce the risk:
• Regular physical activity.
• Maintaining a healthy weight.
• Eating a balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
• Limiting caffeine and alcohol intake.

Treatment options depend on the severity of symptoms:
• Lifestyle changes: Reducing fluid intake at night and avoiding caffeine or alcohol.
• Medications: Alpha-blockers or 5-alpha reductase inhibitors to relax prostate muscles or shrink the prostate.
• Minimally invasive procedures: Techniques like Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) to remove part of the prostate.
• Surgery: In severe cases, surgery to remove prostate tissue may be necessary.