The exact cause of OAB is often unknown, but it may result from:
• Nerve signals: Miscommunication between the brain and bladder, causing sudden bladder contractions.
• Bladder muscle overactivity: Spasms in the bladder muscles can lead to frequent urges to urinate.
• Underlying conditions: Certain neurological disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease or multiple sclerosis, may contribute to OAB.

• Frequent urination (often eight or more times per day).
• Strong, sudden urges to urinate.
• Urge incontinence (leakage following a strong urge) .
• Nocturia (waking up multiple times at night to urinate).

While OAB isn’t always preventable, some lifestyle habits can help manage symptoms:
• Limiting caffeine and alcohol, which can irritate the bladder.
• Staying hydrated but avoiding excessive fluid intake.
• Maintaining a healthy weight to reduce pressure on the bladder.
• Practicing pelvic floor exercises to improve bladder control.

Treatment for OAB focuses on symptom management and may include:
• Bladder training: Techniques to gradually increase the time between urination.
• Dietary changes: Avoiding bladder irritants such as spicy foods, alcohol, and caffeine.
• Pelvic floor exercises: Exercises, such as Kegels, to strengthen bladder muscles.
• Medications: Anticholinergic or beta-3 agonist drugs to relax the bladder muscles and reduce urgency.
• Nerve stimulation therapy: Techniques like sacral neuromodulation to regulate bladder control.
• Surgery: In rare, severe cases, surgery may be considered.