Testicular torsion is usually caused by:
• Congenital factors: An abnormality in the testicle’s attachment to the scrotum, which makes it more prone to twisting.
• Trauma or injury: Any injury to the groin area can lead to torsion.
• Physical activity: In some cases, vigorous physical activity or even sleep can cause the testicle to twist.

• Sudden, severe pain in one testicle.
• Swelling and redness of the scrotum
• Nausea and vomiting
• A high-riding testicle (the testicle may appear higher in the scrotum than usual)
• Abnormal position of the testicle (may feel twisted or rotated)

There are no definitive ways to prevent testicular torsion, but certain measures can help:
• Awareness: Understanding the condition and seeking immediate medical help if pain occurs.
• Protection during physical activities: Wearing protective gear or a jockstrap during sports to minimize the risk of injury.
• Surgical intervention: In some cases, preventive surgery (orchiopexy) may be recommended to secure both testicles to prevent torsion in the future, especially if one testicle has experienced torsion previously.

Testicular torsion is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment:
• Surgical detorsion: The testicle is untwisted, and the spermatic cord is secured to prevent further twisting. This procedure is typically performed within 6 hours to save the testicle.
• Orchiectomy: If the testicle is severely damaged and cannot be saved, it may need to be removed.
• Orchiopexy: Surgery to secure both testicles to prevent future torsion, especially if a previous case has occurred.